Abstract: In video coding, block-based motion estimation plays a vital role for videocompression. There are few block matching algorithms existing for motionestimation and motion compensation. In this paper a three step diamondsearch algorithm is proposed. The performance of this algorithm iscompared with other algorithms by means of error metrics and number of search points. This algorithm achieves close performance with that of TSS.It uses less number of search points than TSS. When compared with originalDS algorithm, this algorithm requires less computation time and gives animproved performance.
Key words:
Block based motion estimation, Block matching algorithm, search pattern,Diamond search.
Motion estimation is atechnique used to reduce the temporal redundancy. It uses the correlation between the successive frames to predict the content of frames. In themotion estimation process the frame is divided into number of nonoverlapping areas known as blocks. Each block can be with a standard sizeof 16×16.The difference between the current frame and the predicted framecontents is calculated in motion estimation .In addition to motion estimation,some additional information’s are also needed to indicate any changes in the prediction process. This is known as motion compensation
Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference Based On HVDC Control
This paper presents computationally simpleand accurate expert systemfor Control of HVDCsystem. Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS) is applied anddiscussed in detail. ANFIS based current control isalso developed for aHVDCsystem. The procedure isoutlined in the paper.ANFIS based control can be easily combined withthe fault identifier to formintegrated system, whichcan improve dynamicresponse of HVDC systems.Fuzzy system, Adaptiveneuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS),genetic algorithm, etc. have metgrowing interest in many industrialapplications. The past two decadeshave revealed great advances in theapplication of artificial intelligence to power systems. A trend that is growingin visibility relates to the use of fuzzylogic in combination with neuro-computing and genetic algorithms.More generally, fuzzy logic, neuro-computing, and genetic algorithms may be viewed as the principal constituentsof what might be called soft computing.Unlike the traditional hard computing,soft computing is aimed at anaccommodation with the pervasiveimprecision of the real world. Number of papers are available that deal withthe application of artificial intelligencein the area of power systems
ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the process of automatically recognizing who is speaking on the basis of individual information included in speech waves. Speaker recognition methods can be divided into text-independent and text-dependent methods. In a text-independent system, speaker models capture characteristics of somebody's speech, which show up irrespective of what one is saying. In a text-dependent system, on the other hand, the recognition of the speaker's identity is based on his or her speaking one or more specific phrases, like passwords, card numbers, PIN codes, etc. This paper is based on text independent speaker recognition system and makes use of mel frequencepstrum coefficients to process the input signal and vector quantization approach to identify the speaker. The above task is implemented using MATLAB. This technique is used in application areas such as control access to services like voice dialing, banking by telephone, database access services, voice mail, security control for confidential information areas, and remote access to computers.
In this paper, the feasibility of Fuzzy Logic as an effective control tool for DC motors is dealt with.The Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is showing a better performance than conventional controllers in the form of increased robustness.In this paper, the role of Fuzzy Logic as a controller and its implementation is studied. Fuzzy logic resembles human decision making with its ability to work from approximate data and find precise solutions. It provides tools for dealing with imprecision due to uncertainty and vagueness, which is intrinsic to many engineering problems. Fuzzy logic is a powerful problem solving methodology introduced by Lotfi Zadeh in 1960’s. Fuzzy logic is a continuous form of logic. eg (bad, very bad, poor, average). It allows modeling complex systems using a higher level of abstraction originating from our knowledge and experience.
This paper presents an insight into the speed control of D.C motor using a fuzzy logic controller to meet the desired speed. Fuzzy logic is one of the most successful applications of fuzzy set in which the variables are linguistic rather than numeric. A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is based on a set of control rules (fuzzy rules) among linguistic variables. The personal computer provides the necessary flexibility in setting any speed profile with the use of fuzzy packages. Basically a D.C shunt motor has drooping speed-torque characteristics. The proposed fuzzy controller results in a better response compared to the basic fuzzy controller and normal response of D.C motor. The step response parameters can be closely controlled with the help of simple operations within the controller. The simulation is carried out and the simulation results present the flexibility of the motor speed control.
KEY WORDS: fuzzy controller, speed-torque characteristics, fuzzification, De- fuzzification.
This paper considers the development of a brain driven car, which would be of great help to the physically disabled people. Since these cars will rely only on what the individual is thinking they will hence not require any physical movement on the part of the individual. The car integrates signals from a variety of sensors like video, weather monitor, anti-collision etc. it also has an automatic navigation system in case of emergency. The car works on the asynchronous mechanism of artificial intelligence. It’s a great advance of technology which will make the disabled, abled. Once the driver (disabled) nears the car. The security system of the car is activated. Images as well as thermo graphic results of the driver are previously fed into the database of the computer. If the video images match with the database entries then the security system advances to the next stage. Here the thermo graphic image verification is done with the database. Once the driver passes this stage the door slides to the sides and a ramp is lowered from its floor.
Speaker recognition is the process of automatically recognizing who is speaking on the basis of individual information included in speech waves. This technique makes it possible to user's voice to verify their identity and control access to services such as voice dialing, banking by telephone, telephone shopping, database access services, information services, voice mail, security control for confidential information areas, and remote access to computers.The goal of this project is to build a simple, yet complete and representative automatic speaker recognition system. Due to the limited space, we will only test our system on a very small (but already non-trivial) speech database. There were 8 female speakers, labeled from S1 to S8. All speakers uttered the same single digit "zero" once in a training session and once in a testing session later on. Those sessions are at least 6 months apart to simulate the voice variation over the time. The vocabulary of digit is used very often in testing speaker recognition because of its applicability to many security applications. For example, users have to speak a PIN (Personal Identification Number) in order to gain access to the laboratory door, or users have to speak their credit card number over the telephone line. By checking the voice characteristics of the input utterance, using an automatic speaker recognition system similar to the one that we will develop, the system is able to add an extra level of security.
In this paper, a novel active power filter is proposed and implemented by sing a voltage-source power converter with a series connected inductor and capacitor set. The power converter is controlled to generate a compensating voltage that is converted into a compensating current via the series connected inductor and capacitor set. The compensating current flows into the power feeder in order to suppress the harmonic currents generated by nonlinear loads. The salient advantages of the proposed active Power filter are lower voltage rating of dc capacitor and power switching devices, smaller filter inductor, smaller dimension, light weight, better filter performance and low electromagnetic interference (EMI). A three-phase 100 k VA active power filter is developed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed active power filter has the expected performance.